Al-Ghazali has mentioned the following negative tendencies of this nafs naming them with ‘spiritual diseases’:
1) Nifaq (hypocrisy)
2) Pride and arrogance
3) Hawa or desire
4) Self-beholding
5) Greediness
6) Negligence
7) Restlessness
8) Ri’a (show off)
These are the most harmful tendencies of al-nafs and greatest barriers to the growth of man. When these dominate the self, man loses his insight and his total energies are diverted towards unnecessary activities. As a result, he starts believing deception as truth, fiction as reality and self-glorification as his highest goal in life.
To be imprisoned behind bars is a loss, but to be imprisoned by one’s own desires and to become a slave to one’s self is the ultimate loss.
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